Basic Virology

Find the latest information on the basic research on SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.  Information is organized intosubcategories:

1. RNA Replication
2. Proteins & Translation
3. Virus Assembly, Protein Processing and Structure
4. Evolution & Phylogenetics
5. Host Immune Response
6. Animal Models & Epizootic Infections
7. Viral Entry & Receptors
8. Viral Replicate/Non-Structural Proteins/Enzymes

August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW RNA-GPS Predicts SARS-CoV-2 RNA Residency to Host Mitochondria and Nucleolus.
• *NEW Structural basis for helicase-polymerase coupling in the SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex.
• *NEW Comprehensive in-vivo secondary structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome reveals novel regulatory motifs and mechanisms.

June 2020

• Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Human Respiratory Epithelium.
• Structural Basis for RNA Replication by the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase.
• A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: Tracking down RNA synthesis.
• Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform.

April 2020

• Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase.
• Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome.
• SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum.
• Determination of host proteins composing the microenvironment of coronavirus replicase complexes by proximity-labeling.
• Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity.
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, United States.
• Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors.
• Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-Exonuclease Mutant Virus Replication Is Revealed by Complete Genome Sequencing.
• Ribose 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5.
• One severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein complex integrates processive RNA polymerase and exonuclease activities.
• Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARS-coronavirus acquired during the early stages of human-to-human transmission.

August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Integrative Vectors for Regulated Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Implicated in RNA Metabolism.
• Cytologic and molecular correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nasopharynx.
• Identification of Common Deletions in the Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
• The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in vitro models of the human blood-brain barrier.
• Data, reagents, assays and merits of proteomics for SARS-CoV-2 research and testing.

June 2020

• Critical Differences Between the Binding Features of the Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.
• Genomic determinants of pathogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses.
• Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera.

May 2020

• A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein.
• Codon Usage and Phenotypic Divergences of SARS-CoV-2 Genes.

April 2020

• RNA 3'-end mismatch excision by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10/nsp14 exoribonuclease complex.
• High-Resolution Analysis of Coronavirus Gene Expression by RNA Sequencing and Ribosome Profiling.
• Characterization of an efficient coronavirus ribosomal frameshifting signal: requirement for an RNA pseudoknot.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Architecture and self-assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
• A direct RNA-protein interaction atlas of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in infected human cells.
• Specific viral RNA drives the SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid to phase separate.

June 2020

• An in silico map of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Structurome.
• A proposed role for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in the formation and regulation of biomolecular condensates.
• Companion vaccine Bioinformatic design tool reveals limited functional genomic variability of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain.
• Persistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Aerosol Suspensions.
• Identification of common deletions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
• Structural analysis of the putative SARS-CoV-2 primase complex.
• The D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike increases transduction of multiple human cell types.
• Modeling and Simulation of a Fully-glycosylated Full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Viral Membrane.
• The crystal structure of nsp10-nsp16 heterodimer from SARS-CoV-2 in complex with S-adenosylmethionine.
• Discovery of G-quadruplex-forming sequences in SARS-CoV-2.

May 2020

• Ligand-centered assessment of SARS-CoV-2 drug target models in the Protein Data Bank.
• Afucosylated immunoglobulin G responses are a hallmark of enveloped virus infections and show an exacerbated phenotype in COVID-19.
• The SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain is a highly efficient ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzyme.
• Deducing the N- and O- glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
• Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites.

April 2020

• Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reveals an Evolutionary Distinct and Proteolytically-Sensitive Activation Loop.
• Self-Collected Oral Fluid and Nasal Swabs Demonstrate Comparable Sensitivity to Clinician Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Covid-19 Detection.
• High-surety isothermal amplification and detection of SARS-CoV-2, including with crude enzymes.
• An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2
• Structural and functional conservation of the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signal of SARS-CoV-2.
• Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer.
• Unique and Conserved Features of Genome and Proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an Early Split-off From the Coronavirus Group 2 Lineage.
• Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA.
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ORF6 Antagonizes STAT1 Function by Sequestering Nuclear Import Factors on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi Membrane.
• Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.
• Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Rapid SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing and analysis for informed public health decision-making in the Netherlands.
• *NEW Validation of Variant Assembly Using HAPHPIPE with Next-Generation Sequence Data from Viruses.
• *NEW A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology.
• *NEW Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Co-evolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets.
• SARS-CoV-2 and bat RaTG13 spike glycoprotein structures inform on virus evolution and furin-cleavage effects.
• Evaluation of NGS-based approaches for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome characterisation.
• Snapshot of the evolution and mutation patterns of SARS-CoV-2.
• Genomic Analysis of Early SARS-CoV-2 Variants Introduced in Mexico.
• Identification of multiple large deletions in ORF7a resulting in in-frame gene fusions in clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates.
• The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus.
• Sarbecovirus comparative genomics elucidates gene content of SARS-CoV-2 and functional impact of COVID-19 pandemic mutations.
• Analysis of Rapidly Emerging Variants in Structured Regions of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.
• Rampant C→U Hypermutation in the Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses: Causes and Consequences for Their Short- and Long-Term Evolutionary Trajectories.
• Evidence of significant natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, not humans.
• SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) structural and evolutionary dynamicome: Insights into functional evolution and human genomics.

June 2020

• The D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity and decreases neutralization sensitivity to individual convalescent sera.
• ACE2 diversity in placental mammals reveals the evolutionary strategy of SARS-CoV-2.
• Assembly of an integrated human lung cell atlas reveals that SARS-CoV-2 receptor is co-expressed with key elements of the kinin-kallikrein, renin-angiotensin and coagulation systems in alveolar cells.
• High‐Coverage SARS‐CoV‐2 Genome Sequences Acquired by Target Capture Sequencing.

May 2020

• RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look.
• Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
• Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.
• Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure.
• Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

April 2020

• Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: Methods and implications.
• Spike mutation pipeline reveals the emergence of a more transmissible form of SARS-CoV-2.
• Identification of super-transmitters of SARS-CoV-2.
• Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins.
• The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2.
• A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.
• A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size.
• Equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the coronaviruslike superfamily.
• A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Single-Cell Omics Reveals Dyssynchrony of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Progressive COVID-19.
• *NEW Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregates formation trigger tissue factor expression in severe COVID-19 patients.
• *NEW Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is defined by a shift in the serum lipidome resulting in dysregulation of eicosanoid immune mediators.
• *NEW SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls.
• *NEW SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for global profiling of COVID-19 specific IgG and IgM responses.
• *NEW Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
• *NEW Elevated Glucose Levels Favor SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Monocyte Response through a HIF-1α/Glycolysis-Dependent Axis.
• *NEW Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications.
• *NEW Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19.
• *NEW Human B cell clonal expansion and convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
• Dynamic changes of D-dimer and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio as prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19.
• Evidence for structural protein damage and membrane lipid remodeling in red blood cells from COVID-19 patients.
• Mutations from bat ACE2 orthologs markedly enhance ACE2-Fc neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.
• High levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells with restricted functionality in patients with severe course of COVID-19.
• SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Human Lung Alveolar Type 2 Cells Elicits a Rapid Epithelial-Intrinsic Inflammatory Response.
• Critical Role of Type III Interferon in Controlling SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
• SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells exhibit unique features characterized by robust helper function, lack of terminal differentiation, and high proliferative potential.
• Cross-sectional evaluation of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike.
• Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
• Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells.
• COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium-immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis.

June 2020

• Broad and strong memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent COVID-19 patients.
• Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19.
• Analysis of a SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individual Reveals Development of Potent Neutralizing Antibodies with Limited Somatic Mutation.
• Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.
• Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals.
• Modulation of Extracellular ISG15 Signaling by Pathogens and Viral Effector Proteins.
• Proteomics Uncovers Immunosuppression in COVID-19 Patients with Long Disease Course.
• SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and serum IgA/IgG immune responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
• The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
• Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection.
• Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition.
• Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
• IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
• A SARS-CoV-2 serological assay to determine the presence of blocking antibodies that compete for human ACE2 binding.
• Longitudinal COVID-19 profiling associates IL-1Ra and IL-10 with disease severity and RANTES with mild disease.
• Enhanced receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 through networks of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
• High seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 among household members of essential workers detected using a dried blood spot assay.
• Beyond the Spike: identification of viral targets of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.
• A possible role of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19 progression.
• Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling.
• Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent.
• An inflammatory cytokine signature helps predict COVID-19 severity and death.
• Targeted Immunosuppression Distinguishes COVID-19 from Influenza in Moderate and Severe Disease.
• SARS-CoV-2 epitopes are recognized by a public and diverse repertoire of human T-cell receptors.
• Deep sequencing of B cell receptor repertoires from COVID-19 patients reveals strong convergent immune signatures.
• Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.
• Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors.
• Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19.

May 2020

• Cross-reactive antibody response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections.
• Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19.
• Study on the expression levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at different period of disease and its related factors in 192 cases of COVID-19 patients.
• Immunogenic profile of SARS-CoV-2 spike in individuals recovered from COVID-19.
• The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19.
• CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by other coronavirus strains and influenza virus.
• Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections display specific IgG Fc structures.
• Anti-Spike, anti-Nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients and asymptomatic carriers.
• Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19.
• Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals.
• The SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunity is directed against the spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid protein and associated with COVID 19 severity.
• SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues.
• Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19.
• Cross-talk between the airway epithelium and activated immune cells defines severity in COVID-19.
• Humoral immune response and prolonged PCR positivity in a cohort of 1343 SARS-CoV 2 patients in the New York City region.
• Serum protein profiling reveals a landscape of inflammation and immune signaling in early-stage COVID-19 infection.

April 2020

• Gut microbiota may underlie the predisposition of healthy individuals to COVID-19.
• Will we see protection or reinfection in COVID-19?
• Down-regulated gene expression spectrum and immune responses changed during the disease progression in COVID-19 patients.
• Single Nucleus Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dynamic Regulation of Host Genes Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
• Homologous 2′,5′-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW SARS-CoV-2 infection induces germinal center responses with robust stimulation of CD4 T follicular helper cells in rhesus macaques.
• *NEW Comparison of Transgenic and Adenovirus hACE2 Mouse Models for SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
• Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters.
• SARS-CoV-2 infects and damages the mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of hamsters.
• Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques.

June 2020

• A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies.
• ARDS and Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Caribbean Vervets.
• A versatile mouse model of COVID-19.
• Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19.
• The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature.
• A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis.
• Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets.

May 2020

• Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2.
• Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2.
• Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters.
• Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets.
• Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors from human, pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts.

April 2020

• Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model.
• Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets
• Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility.
• Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Interferons and viruses induce a novel primate-specific isoform dACE2 and not the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2.
• *NEW Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein conformation.
• *NEW Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes.
• *NEW LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease.
• *NEW The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant D614G Favors an Open Conformational State.
• *NEW Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus.
• *NEW Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
• *NEW Cryo-EM analysis of the post-fusion structure of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein.
• SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein hijacks VEGF-A/Neuropilin-1 receptor signaling to induce analgesia.
• Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and suggest subtype specificity.
• A glycan cluster on the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain is recognized by Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies.
• Glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Control the Receptor Binding Domain Conformation.
• LY6E Restricts Entry of Human Coronaviruses, Including Currently Pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
• SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant D614G increases infectivity and retains sensitivity to antibodies that target the receptor binding domain.
• High affinity binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances ACE2 carboxypeptidase activity.
• A pH-dependent switch mediates conformational masking of SARS-CoV-2 spike.
• Shielding and Beyond: The Roles of Glycans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

June 2020

• COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles' heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance.
• SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract.
• ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19.
• Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and provides a possible pathway into the central nervous system.
• Single-cell longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human bronchial epithelial cells.
• Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity? Insights from All-Atoms Simulations.
• SARS-CoV-2 infection induces EMT-like molecular changes, including ZEB1-mediated repression of the viral receptor ACE2, in lung cancer models.
• Knowledge synthesis of 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors.

May 2020

• Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2?
• A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2.
• Robust ACE2 protein expression localizes to the motile cilia of the respiratory tract epithelia and is not increased by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
• TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes.
• Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies.
• Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike.
• SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes.
• A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells.

April 2020

• Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig.
• SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes.
• Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2.
• Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion.
• Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2.
• Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses.
• Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor.
• SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells.

 

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August 2020

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July 2020

• *NEW Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2.
• *NEW Intracellular autoactivation of TMPRSS11A, an airway epithelial transmembrane serine protease.
• Genetic architecture of host proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2.
• A molecular pore spans the double membrane of the coronavirus replication organelle.
• Molecular Basis for ADP-ribose Binding to the Mac1 Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3.
• Cryo-EM structure of the SARS-CoV-2 3a ion channel in lipid nanodiscs.
• Structural plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Mpro active site cavity revealed by room temperature X-ray crystallography.
• Crystal Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Protein 9, Nsp9.

June 2020

• The ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces apoptosis in cells.
• SARS-coronavirus-2 replication in Vero E6 cells: replication kinetics, rapid adaptation and cytopathology.
• Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 Core Polymerase Complex from SARS-CoV-2.
• SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists.

May 2020

• Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase (ADRP): from the apo form to ligand complexes.

 

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