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Figure 1: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 1. Escherichia coli transformed with the pGLO plasmid (BioRad) on Luria broth nutrient agar containing ampicillin and arabinose. The green fluorescent protein is visualized using long wave ultraviolet light. (Jackie Peltier Horn, Houston Baptist University, Houston, TX)

Figure 2: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 2. E. coli transformed with the pGLO plasmid (BioRad) on Luria broth nutrient agar containing ampicillin and arabinose. The green fluorescent protein is visualized using long wave ultraviolet light. (Jackie Peltier Horn, Houston Baptist University, Houston, TX)

Figure 3: Acinobacter calcoaceticus transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 3. Plate A. A brain heart infusion plate inoculated with streptomycin-resistant (strR, bottom left) and streptomycin-sensitive (strS, bottom right) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. DNA extract from strR strain was spotted on plate (top left), DNA extract was mixed with live strS strain (top right). Plate was grown overnight at 37°C. Plate B. Streptomycin-sensitive, strS + DNA, and strR bacteria from the plate on the left were transferred to a brain heart infusion plate containing streptomycin antibiotic. Successful uptake of DNA from the streptomycin-resistant strain allows the streptomycin-sensitive strain to grow in the presence of antibiotic. (Anh-Hue T. Tu, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA)

Figure 4: Streptomycin transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 4. A brain heart infusion plate containing streptomycin antibiotic was inoculated with strS, strS + DNA, and strR bacteria. Successful uptake of DNA from the streptomycin-resistant strain allows the streptomycin-sensitive strain to grow in the presence of antibiotic (middle quadrant). (Anh-Hue T. Tu, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA)

Figure 5: Acinobacter calcoaceticus transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 5. A brain heart infusion plate inoculated with streptomycin-sensitive (strS, top left) and streptomycin-resistant (strR, top right) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. DNA extract from the strR strain was spotted on plate at bottom right; DNA extract mixed with live strS strain was spotted on bottom left. Plate was grown at 37oC overnight.(Anh-Hue T. Tu, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA)

Figure 6: Acinobacter calcoaceticus transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 6. Plate A. A brain heart infusion plate inoculated with streptomycin-resistant (strR, bottom left) and streptomycin-sensitive (strS, bottom right) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. DNA extract from strR strain was spotted on plate (top left), DNA extract was mixed with live strS strain (top right). Plate was grown overnight at 37oC. Plate B. Streptomycin-sensitive, strS + DNA, and strR bacteria from the plate on the left were transferred to a brain heart infusion plate containing streptomycin antibiotic. Successful uptake of DNA from the streptomycin-resistant strain allows the streptocmycin-sensitive strain to grow in the presence of antibiotic. (Anh-Hue T. Tu, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA)

Figure 7: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 7. Transformation of Escherichia coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for greenfluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon and the bla gene for ampicillin resistance. Plate A. Transformed colonies of E. coli HB 101 groing on LB agar plus ampicillin. The presence of the plasmid in the transformed population allows the E. coli HB101 to grow in the presence of ampicillin. Plate B. This is a contro plate of LB without ampicillin inoculared with transformed E. coli HB 101. Note the confluent growth. Plate C. This is a control plate of LB plus ampicillin inoculated with nontransformed E. coli HB 101. Note the lack of growth indicating inability of nontransformed E. coli HB 101 to grow in the presence of ampicillin. Plate D. This is a control plate of LB without ampicillin inoculated with nontransformed E. coli HB 101. Note the confluent growth. (Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 8: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 8. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon and the bla gene for ampicillin resistance. Plate A. Transformed colonies of E. coli HB 101 growing on LB agar plus ampicillin. The presence of the plasmid in the transformed population allows the E. coli HB101 to grow in the presence of ampicillin Plate B. This is a control plate of LB without ampicillin inoculated with the transformed E. coli HB 101. Note the confluent growth. (Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 9: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 9. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon. The transformed E. coli is growing on LB with arabinose. The presence of arabinose and the absence of glucose turns on the arabinose operon and results in expression of the green fluorescent protein. This plate was made during a lab exercise. Students were asked to "draw" with the culture on the plate. The plates were then viewed and photographed under long wave ultraviolet light. (Drawing by student artist, image by Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 10: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 10. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon. The transformed E. coli is growing on LB with arabinose. The presence of arabinose and the absence of glucose turns on the arabinose operon and results in expression of the green fluorescent protein. This plate was made during a lab exercise. Students were asked to "draw" with the culture on the plate. The plates were then viewed and photographed under long wave ultraviolet light. (Drawing by student artist, image by Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 11: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 11. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon. The transformed E. coli is growing on LB with arabinose. The presence of arabinose and the absence of glucose turns on the arabinose operon and results in expression of the green fluorescent protein. This plate was made during a lab exercise. Students were asked to "draw" with the culture on the plate. The plates were then viewed and photographed under long wave ultraviolet light. (Drawing by student artist, image by Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 12: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 12. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon. The transformed E. coli is growing on LB with arabinose. The presence of arabinose and the absence of glucose turns on the arabinose operon and results in expression of the green fluorescent protein. This plate was made during a lab exercise. Students were asked to "draw" with the culture on the plate. The plates were then viewed and photographed under long wave ultraviolet light. (Drawing by student artist, image by Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 13: Escherichia coli transformation (Enlarged view). FIG. 13. Transformation of E. coli HB101 with pGLO. The pGLO plasmid contains the gene for green fluorescent protein linked to an arabinose operon and the bla gene for ampicillin resistance. The plates were then viewed and photographed under long wave ultraviolet light. Plate A. This plate shows transformed colonies of E. coli HB 101 growing on LB agar plus arabinose and ampicillin. The presence of the plasmid in the transformed population allows the E. coli HB101 to grow in the presence of ampicillin. The presence of arabinose and the absence of glucose turn on the arabinose operon and result in expression of the green fluorescent protein. Plate B. This is a control plate of LB without ampicillin or arabinose inoculated with the transformed E. coli HB 101. Note the confluent growth and the lack of expression of green fluorescent protein. Plate C. This is a control plate of LB plus ampicillin and arabinose inoculated with nontransformed E. coli HB 101. Note the lack of growth indicating inability of nontransformed E. coli HB101 to grow in the presence of ampicillin. Plate D. This is a control plate of LB without ampicillin inoculated with nontransformed E. coli HB 101. Note the confluent growth and lack of expression of green fluorescent protein. (Anne Hanson, University of Maine, Orono, ME)

Figure 14: Escherichia coli Transformation (Enlarged view) FIG. 14. This figure demonstrates the transformation of competent Escherichia coli with the plasmid pGLO (Bio-Rad). pGLO is a plasmid that confers ampicillin resistance and introduces the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Plates viewed under white light show whether Escherichia coli colonies developed under the given condition. Plates viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light demonstrate whether those Escherichia coli colonies are expressing GFP.  Competent Escherichia coli that is not transformed with pGLO will grow on Luria-Bertani medium (Fig. A) but will not fluoresce under UV light (Fig. B).  The untransformed bacteria will be unable to grow or fluoresce when the media is supplemented with ampicillin (Fig. C and D). pGLO contains the bla gene, which confers resistance to ampicillin. Escherichia coli transformed with pGLO can grow on Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with ampicillin (Fig. E), but will not fluoresce under UV light (Fig. F). pGLO also contains the gene for GFP, but it will only be expressed when arabinose is provided in the nutrient medium. When Escherichia coli that is transformed with pGLO is grown on Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with ampicillin and arabinose, the growing colonies (Fig. G) will fluoresce due to GFP expression (Fig. H). (Courtney Lenahan, Mary Kate Roth and Brian Forster, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA)

Figure 15: Escherichia coli Transformation (Enlarged view) (Labeled view). FIG. 15. (Labeled view) (Courtney Lenahan, Mary Kate Roth and Brian Forster, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA)