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Figure 1: Bovine enterovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 1. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 1 day postinfection with a high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of bovine enterovirus, a Picornavirus, showing pyknotic shrinking cells. Cells were observed using the 10X objective. Note: this shows viral CPE within 24 hours, within 48 hours all of the cells will be dead and detached. (Lori Phalen and Carol Blair, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 2: Vesicular stomatitis virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 2. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a high MOI of vesicular stomatitis virus, a Rhabdovirus, showing subtotal cell destruction; the cells appear pyknotic. Cells were observed using the 10X objective. (Lori Phalen and Carol Blair, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 3: Bovine herpesvirus-1 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 3. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine herpesvirus 1, a Herpesvirus. Cells were observed using the 10X objective. Black arrows point to cell rounding in a focal pattern and blue arrows point to cytoplasmic stranding. (Lori Phalen and Carol Blair, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 4: Orf virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 4. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a high MOI of Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus. Blue arrows point to cell rounding in a focal pattern. Cells were observed using the 10X objective. (Lori Phalen and Carol Blair, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 5: Parainfluenza virus-3 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 5.Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells infected with the parainfluenza virus type 3, a Paramyxovirus, showing a syncytium (arrows). Cells were observed using the 10X objective. (Lori Phalen and Carol Blair, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO) Black and white unstained cells

Figure 6: Orf virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 6. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus, showing focal cell rounding at a low MOI. Cells were observed using a 4X objective. Note: you can see the CPE is focal at the low MOI, but it appears generalized at the high MOI. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 7: Orf virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 7. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus, showing focal cell rounding at a high MOI. Cells were observed using a 4X objective. Note: you can see the CPE is focal at the low MOI, but it appears generalized at the high MOI. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 8: Orf virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 8. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus, showing focal cell rounding at a low MOI. Cells were observed using a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 9: Orf virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 9. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus, showing focal cell rounding at a high MOI. Cells were observed using a 10X objective. Note: the focal nature of the infection is easier to see under lower power magnification. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 10: Bovine adenovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 10. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine adenovirus, an Adenovirus, showing cell rounding and small amounts of clumping. Cells were observed using the 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 11: Bovine viral diarrhea virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 11. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a Flavivirus, showing generalized cell destruction and vacuoles, which are very difficult to see without staining. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 12: Bovine viral diarrhea virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 12. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 3 days postinfection with a lower MOI than found in Fig. 11 of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a Flavivirus, showing generalized cell destruction and vacuoles, which are very difficult to see without staining. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 13: Bovine parvovirus-4 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 13. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine parvovirus-4, a Parvovirus, showing generalized cell shrinkage (pyknosis) and cell destruction. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 14: Bovine parvovirus-4 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 14. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a low MOI of bovine parvovirus-4, a Parvovirus, showing generalized cell shrinkage (pyknosis) and cell destruction. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 15: Ovine parvovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 15. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a high MOI of ovine parvovirus, a Parvovirus, showing generalized cell rounding and cell destruction. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 16: Ovine parvovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 16. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a low MOI of ovine parvovirus, a Parvovirus, showing generalized cell rounding (black arrows) and cell destruction (green arrows). Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 17: Bovine adenovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 17. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine adenovirus, an Adenovirus, showing generalized enlarged cell rounding and cell clumping or clustering. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. Note, if observed very early in the infection, CPE will begin focally but rapidly becomes generalized. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 18: Bovine adenovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 18. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a low MOI of bovine adenovirus, an Adenovirus, showing generalized enlarged cell rounding and cell clumping or clustering. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. Note, if observed very early in the infection, CPE will begin focally but rapidly becomes generalized. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 19: Bovine herpes virus-2 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 19. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 1 day postinfection with a high MOI of bovine herpes virus-2, a Herpesvirus, showing rapidly occurring focal cell fusion forming syncytium or polykaryons. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. Note: at a high MOI the entire monolayer becomes one large syncytium and begins peeling off the plate, as is observed here. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 20: Bovine herpes virus-2 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 20. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 1 day postinfection with a low MOI of bovine herpes virus-2, a Herpesvirus, showing rapidly occurring focal cell fusion forming syncytia or polykaryons. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. Note: at a low MOI the focal nature of the syncytia is more readily observed than at a higher MOI. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 21: Bovine herpes virus-2 CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 21. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 1 day postinfection with a low MOI of bovine herpes virus-2, a Herpesvirus, showing rapidly occurring focal cell fusion forming syncytia or polykaryons. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. Note: the arrow points to a syncytium. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 22: Paramyxovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 22. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a high MOI of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, a Paramyxovirus, showing generalized degeneration of the cell monolayer and some cell fusion forming small syncytia or polykaryons. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 23: Paramyxovirus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 23. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 4 days postinfection with a low MOI of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, a Paramyxovirus, showing generalized degeneration of the cell monolayer and some cell fusion forming small syncytia or polykaryons. Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 24: Vaccinia virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 24. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a high MOI of vaccinia virus, a Poxvirus, showing rapid cell rounding and some cell fusion. Cells were observed with a 10X objective.  (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)

Figure 25: Vaccinia virus CPE (Enlarged view). FIG. 25. Unstained bovine fetal spleen cells 2 days postinfection with a low MOI of vaccinia virus, a Poxvirus, showing rapid cell rounding (black arrows) and some cell fusion (green arrow). Cells were observed with a 10X objective. (Erica Suchman, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)