Jean-Marc GHIGO obtained his Ph.D. in 1994 on type 1 protein secretion and heme acquisition under the supervision of Cécile Wandersman at Institut Pasteur. During his post-doc, he studied bacterial cell division in the laboratory of Jon Beckwith at Harvard Medical School, Boston. He is currently a professor at Institut Pasteur, where he has led, since 2002, a laboratory investigating fundamental aspects of community-associated functions and biological resources used by commensal or pathogenic bacteria to operate within in vitro and in vivo biofilms.