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Figure 1: Enlarged view. FIG. 1. Picture of items typically utilized in preparing spread plates including pipette, turntable, reusable glass spreaders, and sterile disposable plastic spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 2: Enlarged view. FIG. 2. Flame sterilizing an alcohol-dipped spreader. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 3: Enlarged view. FIG. 3. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading technique using dye in 100 microliter inoculum spread with glass rod. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 4: Enlarged view. FIG. 4. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading technique using dye in 100 microliter inoculum spread with glass rod. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 5: Enlarged view. FIG. 5. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading technique using dye in 100 microliter inoculum spread with glass rod. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 6: Enlarged view. FIG. 6. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading technique using dye in 100 microliter inoculum spread with glass rod. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 7: Enlarged view. FIG. 7. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading technique using dye in 100 microliter inoculum spread with glass rod. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 8: Enlarged view. FIG. 8. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading 100 microliter inoculum with glass spreader and turntable. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 9: Enlarged view. FIG. 9. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading 100 microliter inoculum with glass spreader and turntable. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 10: Enlarged view. FIG. 10. Two students preparing a spread plate using a bent glass rod and turning the plate by hand. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 11: Enlarged view. FIG. 11. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading techniques using dye in 100 microliter inoculum distributed with disposable spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 12: Enlarged view. FIG. 12. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading techniques using dye in 100 microliter inoculum distributed with disposable spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 13: Enlarged view. FIG. 13. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading techniques using dye in 100 microliter inoculum distributed with disposable spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 14: Enlarged view. FIG. 14. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading techniques using dye in 100 microliter inoculum distributed with disposable spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 15: Enlarged view. FIG. 15. Sequential pictures demonstrating spreading techniques using dye in 100 microliter inoculum distributed with disposable spreader. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 16: Enlarged view. FIG. 16. Sequential pictures demonstrating poor technique in spreading the inoculum. The glass rod is not placed evenly on the agar and the inoculum is pooling, resulting in uneven spread, as illustrated in the last picture in the series. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 17: Enlarged view. FIG. 17. Sequential pictures demonstrating poor technique in spreading the inoculum. The glass rod is not placed evenly on the agar and the inoculum is pooling, resulting in uneven spread, as illustrated in the last picture in the series. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 18: Enlarged view. FIG. 18. Sequential pictures demonstrating poor technique in spreading the inoculum. The glass rod is not placed evenly on the agar and the inoculum is pooling, resulting in uneven spread, as illustrated in the last picture in the series. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 19: Enlarged view. FIG. 19. Sequential pictures demonstrating poor technique in spreading the inoculum. The glass rod is not placed evenly on the agar and the inoculum is pooling, resulting in uneven spread, as illustrated in the last picture in the series. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 20: Enlarged view. FIG. 20. Picture of spread plates showing bacterial growth (Escherichia coli, 40 hours, 25°C) on five plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series. Care was taken to avoid spreading to the edges of the plates as it is more difficult to count colonies along the edge of the agar. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 21: Enlarged view. FIG. 21. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours). Results of a plate inoculated with the 10-2 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 22: Enlarged view. FIG. 22. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours).  Results of a plate inoculated with the 10-3 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 23: Enlarged view. FIG. 23. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours). Results of a plate inoculated with the 10-4 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 24: Enlarged view. FIG. 24. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours). Results of a plate inoculated with the 10-5dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 25: Enlarged view. FIG. 25. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours). Results of a plate inoculated with the 10-6 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 26: Enlarged view. FIG. 26. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours). Replica plates for the 10-7 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 27: Enlarged view. FIG. 27. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours).  Replica plates for the 10-7 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 28: Enlarged view. FIG. 28. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours).  Replica plates for the 10-7 dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 29: Enlarged view. FIG. 29. Individual pictures of spread plates prepared from a ten-fold dilution series of an E. coli culture (plates incubated at 25°C, 40 hours).  10-8 dilution plate. Each plate was inoculated with 100 microliters of the appropriate dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 30: Enlarged view. FIG. 30. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. Dye was added to the inocula to enhance visibility of tracks. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the benchtop and tipped at roughly a 60° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 31: Enlarged view. FIG. 31. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. Dye was added to the inocula to enhance visibility of tracks. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the benchtop and tipped at roughly a 60° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 32: Enlarged view. FIG. 32. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. Dye was added to the inocula to enhance visibility of tracks. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the benchtop and tipped at roughly a 60° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 33: Enlarged view. FIG. 33. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. Dye was added to the inocula to enhance visibility of tracks. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the benchtop and tipped at roughly a 60° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 34: Enlarged view. FIG. 34. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the bench top and tipped at roughly a 75° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. The last picture in the series shows tipping the plate back slightly so that the inoculum does not pool at the base of the track. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 35: Enlarged view. FIG. 35. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the bench top and tipped at roughly a 75° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. The last picture in the series shows tipping the plate back slightly so that the inoculum does not pool at the base of the track. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 36: Enlarged view. FIG. 36. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the bench top and tipped at roughly a 75° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. The last picture in the series shows tipping the plate back slightly so that the inoculum does not pool at the base of the track. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 37: Enlarged view. FIG. 37. Sequential pictures illustrating track plating technique in spreading inocula evenly. The volume used to prepare each track was 10 microliters. The edge of the plate was in contact with the bench top and tipped at roughly a 75° angle to get the tracks to run down the plate. The last picture in the series shows tipping the plate back slightly so that the inoculum does not pool at the base of the track. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 38: Enlarged view. FIG. 38. Picture of four replica plates showing E. coli (25°C, 40 hours) growing in four tracks. The tracks were prepared from a ten-fold dilution series (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 are the dilutions plated). Each track received 10 microliters of the appropriate dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 39: Enlarged view. FIG. 39. Replica plates showing E. coli (25°C, 40 hours) growing in four tracks. The tracks were prepared from a ten-fold dilution series (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 are the plated dilutions). Each track received 10 microliters of the appropriate dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 40: Enlarged view. FIG. 40. Replica plates showing E. coli (25°C, 40 hours) growing in four tracks. The tracks were prepared from a ten-fold dilution series (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 are the plated dilutions). Each track received 10 microliters of the appropriate dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 41: Enlarged view. FIG. 41. Replica plates showing E. coli (25°C, 40 hours) growing in four tracks. The tracks were prepared from a ten-fold dilution series (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 are the plated dilutions). Each track received 10 microliters of the appropriate dilution. (Kathryn Wise and Darel Paulson, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 42: Enlarged view. FIG. 42. Sequential pictures of preparation of track dilution plates employing typical 100 mm round petri plates. Red dye was used to enhance the visibility of the inocula on the plates. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 43: Enlarged view. FIG. 43. Sequential pictures of preparation of track dilution plates employing typical 100 mm round petri plates. Red dye was used to enhance the visibility of the inocula on the plates. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)

Figure 44: Enlarged view. FIG. 44. Sequential pictures of preparation of track dilution plates employing typical 100 mm round petri plates. Red dye was used to enhance the visibility of the inocula on the plates. (Kathryn Wise, Minnesota State University, Moorhead, MN)